Government system :: Cities' governments

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Nomads headed to the Nile valley since ancient ages; lived in deserts which were full of both animals and plants. These Nomads lived in separation fighting each other for picking up and collecting plants or for hunting animals. They stayed as they were for along time; until water decreased as well as plants and animals. Leaving the desert and heading to the Nile valley they learned how to plant, to farm and to keep up with animals. In this way life was developed from picking up and collecting food to farming and animals upkeeping; turning to a new system called the city, which was locally managed by cities' governments.

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Government system :: Regions' governments

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Later...Egyptian people had the same needs so they were obligated to make a new way of life; to transform the village or city life to a wider and better life called Regions' life Cities together formed regions which were ruled by princes, every region had a symbol; an animal, a bird or a plant, every region had its own protective army. These regions played a great role developing cooperation rules between people and determining rights of a person and his duties. Looking forward to establishing a central government or authority that makes rules and organizes jobs. Regions united together. Some times by war, other times for advantages. Forming small countries each one contained some regions.

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Government system :: South and north kingdoms

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After a short while countries mentioned collected together to form two kingdoms; Kingdom of the north(lower Egypt) and Kingdom of the south(upper Egypt). Kingdom of the south had a capital in the place of a city called now El-Kab in the far south; the northern kingdom also had a capital called Boto in the far north. Kingdom of the south whorshipped the Female falcon, and the north's whorshipped the Cobra. Each one of the two kingdoms had a symbol of flowers; the north's had the Pardy flower and the south's had the Lotus flower. King of the northern kingdom wore a Red crown; and the souhern's wore a White crown.

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Government system :: The historic unity

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Wars broke out for several times between the two kingdoms, especially after the southern's kings declared war for uniting the country. Finally a king called Narmer whose picture was painted on a special board which was found in El-Kab managed to achieve unity. This picture shows the king Narmer hitting one of his enemies while wearing the white crown of the south. The other side of the board shows Narmer celebrating his victories while wearing the Red crown of the North. This is an evidence that Narmer managed to unite Egypt. There's a conflict between historicians about the connection between Narmer and the king Mena. Many historical references alleged that Mena is the unity owner; some other references said that Narmer is Mena; they are the same... However, later on we will call him Narmer/Mena In this way Egypt objected to a historic government; which was managed by a king(a pharaoh). This unity is the profit of long work and a long effort; Egyptian nation was from the first nations that realized the meaning of unity and being united and to realize that the way to glory and power and to building a great civilization is unity. The Nile river was helpful because it connected cities and villages together however far from each other they are, also it gave the Egyptians the idea of setting up bridges,irrigation ditches and saving over-need water.

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Government Elements :: The Pharaoh :: The great king

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Ancient Egyptians regarded that the pharaoh is the successor of Allah(the god) on this earth; his orders were holy and should be followed by people. He also expressed unity which turned Egypt from separated groups into one powerful country. However great the pharaoh was, his life wasn't a piece of laziness but he was an active element who spends all of his time working... Looking through all official documents, different reports are delivered to him, giving orders to clerks, asking his ministers for opinions about the country, looking after the country and its facilities,buildings and general affairs, leading the army in the battle fields, looking after mines and quarries in the deep desert and holding national and holy religious occasions. The palace was the basic center of ruling and management, its location was the capital; which was the city of Manf/Memfis during the old kingdom, the city of Elesht during the middle kingdom and during the modern kingdom it was the city of Tiba, because the revolution against the Heksos started there. Many important officers and high ranked people were around the pharaoh; helping him. He was asking them for opinions concerning country's affairs as mentioned. Some queens managed to take the kingdom, the most famous one of them was the queen Hatshebsot in the 18th Dynasty.

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Government elements :: The minister

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The pharaoh didn't manage to look after every affair of the country, so he required a helping team; managers and rulers, the head of this team was the minister who was helping the pharaoh organizing the country. Since the old kingdom it was a great job to be the minister. Due to the importance of it the pharaoh some times gave it to his sons or to a person from the dynasty. Generally, the minister was selected from the best people in morals, the cleanest tongue and the most intelligent. Some ministers had their own massive effect in history.

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